THE SPINE Journal
Table of contents
Volume 8, Number 1
January/February 2008
INTRODUCTION
A supermarket approach to the evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain …………………………….1
Scott Haldeman, DC, MD, PhD, FRCP(C), Simon Dagenais, DC, PhD
A systematic review of low back pain cost of illness studies in the United States and internationally …………….8
Simon Dagenais, DC, PhD, Jaime Caro, MD, Scott Haldeman, DC, MD, PhD
INTERVENTION REVIEW ARTICLES
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with adjunctive analgesics ………………………………..21
Victor Chang, MD, Peter Gonzalez, MD, Venu Akuthota, MD
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with back schools, brief education,
and fear-avoidance training ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………28
Jens Ivar Brox, MD, PhD, Kjersti Storheim, PT, PhD, Margreth Grotle, PT, PhD, Torill H. Tveito, PhD,
Aage Indahl, MD, PhD, Hege R. Eriksen, PSY, PhD
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with cognitive behavioral therapy ……………………..40
Robert J. Gatchel, PhD, ABPP, Kathryn H. Rollings, PhD Candidate
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with epidural steroid injections …………………………45
Michael J. DePalma, MD, Curtis W. Slipman, MD
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with facet injections
and radiofrequency neurotomy …………………………………………………………………………………………………………56
Nikolai Bogduk, MD, PhD, DSc
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with functional restoration ………………………………..65
Robert J. Gatchel, PhD, ABPP, Tom G. Mayer, MD
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with herbal, vitamin, mineral, and
homeopathic supplements ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….70
Joel J. Gagnier, ND, MSc, PhD
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with intradiscal electrothermal therapy ………………80
Richard Derby, MD, Ray M. Baker, MD, Chang-Hyung Lee, MD, Paul A. Anderson, MD
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with lumbar
extensor strengthening exercises ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….96
John Mayer, DC, PhD, Vert Mooney, MD, Simon Dagenais, DC, PhD
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with lumbar
stabilization exercises …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..114
Christopher J. Standaert, MD, Stuart M. Weinstein, MD, John Rumpeltes, PT, ATC
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with massage ………………………………………………..121
Marta Imamura, MD, PhD, Andrea D. Furlan, MD, PhD, Trish Dryden, RMT, MEd,
Emma Irvin, BA
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with the McKenzie method …………………………….134
Stephen May, MSc, Ronald Donelson, MD, MS
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with medicine-assisted
manipulation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….142
Simon Dagenais, DC, PhD, John Mayer, DC, PhD, James R. Wooley, DC,
Scott Haldeman, DC, MD, PhD
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with minimally invasive
nuclear decompression…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..150
Richard Derby, MD, Ray M. Baker, MD, Chang-Hyung Lee, MD
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with needle acupuncture ………………………………..160
Carlo Ammendolia, DC, PhD, Andrea D. Furlan, MD, PhD,
Marta Imamura, MD, PhD, Emma Irvin, BA, Maurits van Tulder, PhD
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, and simple analgesics ……………………………………………………..173
Gerard Malanga, MD, Erin Wolff, MD
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with opioid analgesics ……………………………………185
Jerome Schofferman, MD, Daniel Mazanec, MD
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with physical activity,
smoking cessation, and weight loss………………………………………………………………………………………………….195
Eugene K. Wai, MD, MSc, Sebastian Rodriguez, MD, Simon Dagenais, DC, PhD,
Hamilton Hall, MD
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with prolotherapy…………………………………………..203
Simon Dagenais, DC, PhD, John Mayer, DC, PhD, Scott Haldeman, DC, MD, PhD,
Joanne Borg-Stein, MD
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with spinal manipulation
and mobilization ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….213
Gert Bronfort, DC, PhD, Mitch Haas, DC, MA, Roni Evans, DC, MS,
Greg Kawchuk, DC, PhD, Simon Dagenais, DC, PhD
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with transcutaneous electrical
nerve stimulation, interferential current, electrical muscle stimulation, ultrasound,
and thermotherapy ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..226
Stéphane Poitras, PhD, PT, Lucie Brosseau, PhD, PT
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with traction therapy ……………………………………..234
Ralph E. Gay, MD, DC, Jeffrey S. Brault, DO, PT
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with trigger
point injections……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..243
Gerard Malanga, MD, Erin Wolff, MD
Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with watchful waiting ……………………………………253
Ben B. Pradhan, MD, MSE
A brief overview of evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with surgery ……………………..258
Angus S. Don, FRACS, Eugene Carragee, MD
EDITORIAL
What have we learned about the evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain? ……………………266
Scott Haldeman, DC, MD, PhD, FRCP(C), Simon Dagenais, DC, PhD