Marcy J. Balunas
Published in final edited form as:
Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2008 August ; 8(6): 646–682.
Abstract
With the clinical success of several synthetic aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in the treatment of postmenopausal estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, researchers have also been investigating also the potential of natural products as AIs. Natural products from terrestrial and marine organisms provide a chemically diverse array of compounds not always available through current synthetic chemistry techniques. Natural products that have been used traditionally for nutritional or medicinal purposes (e.g., botanical dietary supplements) may also afford AIs with reduced side effects. A thorough review of the literature regarding natural product extracts and secondary metabolites of plant, microbial, and marine origin that have been shown to exhibit aromatase inhibitory activity is presented herein.
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Dioon spinulosum is a cycad endemic to limestone cliffs and rocky hillsides in the tropical rainforests of Veracruz and Oaxaca, Mexico.
Encephalartos ferox, a member of the family Zamiaceae, is a small cycad with 35 cm wide subterranean trunk. It gets its name from the Latin word ferocious, likely from the spine-tipped lobes on the leaves of the plant.
Riedelia Meisn ???
Viscum album is a species of mistletoe in the family Santalaceae, commonly known as European mistletoe, common mistletoe or simply as mistletoe
Cycas rumphii Miq, commonly known as queen sago or the queen sago palm, is a dioecious gymnosperm, a species of cycad in the genus Cycas native to Indonesia, New Guinea and Christmas Island. Although palm-like in appearance, it is not a palm.
Cycas revoluta (sago palm, king sago, sago cycad, Japanese sago palm), is a species of gymnosperm in the family Cycadaceae, native to southern Japan including the Ryukyu Islands. It is one of several species used for the production of sago, as well as an ornamental plant.
Alpinia purpurata, red ginger, also called ostrich plume and pink cone ginger, are native Malaysian plants with showy flowers on long brightly colored red bracts. They look like the bloom, but the true flower is the small white flower on top.
Coccothrinax is a genus of palms in the Arecaceae family (Palm Tree).
*Brassaiopsis glomerulata is a species of shrub in the family Araliaceae. Extracts are sold as bodybuilding supplements based on the assumption that aromatase inhibitors present in the plant[1] might have effects in humans.
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**Garcinia mangostana-The purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), colloquially known simply as mangosteen, is a tropical evergreen tree believed to have originated in the Sunda Islands and the Moluccas of Indonesia. It grows mainly in Southeast Asia, and also in tropical South American countries such as Colombia, in the state of Kerala in India and in Puerto Rico.
Euonymus alatus, known variously as winged spindle, winged euonymus or burning bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Celastraceae, native to central and northern China, Japan, and Korea.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16681771
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15518167
Isodon excisus ???
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02976453
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960894X10017208
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11374970
Scutellaria barbata is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is native to Asia.[1] Its English common name is barbed skullcap.
http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1081/IPH-200026840
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3040855/
http://www.google.com/patents/US20090130101
Camellia sinensis is the species of plant whose leaves and leaf buds are used to produce the popular beverage tea (green tea).
Brassica oleracea is the species of plant that includes many common foods as cultivars, including cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts, collard greens, savoy, kohlrabi and Chinese kale.
Lycopersicon esculentum-The tomato is the edible, often red fruit/berry of the nightshade Solanum lycopersicum,commonly known as a tomato plant.
Nicotiana tabacum, or cultivated tobacco, is an annually-grown herbaceous plant.
Grape seed extract
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16740737
http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/66/11/5960.long
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***Chrysin is a naturally occurring flavone, a type of flavonoid. It is found in the passion flowers Passiflora caerulea[1] and Passiflora incarnata,[2] and in Oroxylum indicum. It is also found in chamomile, in the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus,[3] and in honeycomb.
****Apigenin is found in many fruits and vegetables, but parsley, celery and chamomile tea are the most common sources.
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Naringenin is a flavanone, a type of flavonoid, that is considered to have a bioactive effect on human health as antioxidant, free radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, and immune system modulator. It is the predominant flavanone in grapefruit
Humulus lupulus (common hop or hop) is a species of flowering plant in the Cannabaceae family, native to Europe, western Asia and North America
*Bodybuilding supplement becasue of its aromatase activity availabel commercially
**Purple mangosteen products are available commercially
***Available commercially
****Available commercially