Swimming Improves Pain and Functional Capacity of Patients With Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Giovana Fernandes, MSc, Fabio Jennings, MD, PhD
APM&R August 2016Volume 97, Issue 8, Pages 1269–1275
Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the effect of swimming on pain, functional capacity, aerobic capacity, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia (FM).
Design
Randomized controlled trial.
Setting
Rheumatology outpatient clinics of a university hospital.
Participants
Women with FM (N=75; age range, 18–60y) randomly assigned to a swimming group (SG) (n=39) or a walking group (WG) (n=36).
Intervention
The SG performed 50 minutes of swimming 3 times a week for 12 weeks, with a heart rate at 11 beats under the anaerobic threshold. The WG performed walking with a heart rate at the anaerobic threshold, with the same duration and frequency as the SG.
Main Outcome Measures
Participants were evaluated before the exercise protocols (t0), at 6 weeks (t6), and at 12 weeks (t12) after the onset of the protocols. The primary outcome measure was the visual analog scale for pain. The secondary measurements were the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey for quality of life; a spiroergometric test for cardiorespiratory variables; and the timed Up & Go test for functional performance.
Results
Patients in both groups experienced improvement in pain after the 12-week program, with no difference between groups (P=.658). The same results were found regarding functional capacity and quality of life. Moreover, no statistical difference between groups was found regarding aerobic capacity over time.
Conclusions
Swimming, like walking, is an effective method for reducing pain and improving both functional capacity and quality of life in patients with FM.