Musculoskeletal Science and Practice
Volume 55, October 2021, 102427
Original article
Francis Grondinab
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102427

Highlights
•  A positive ULNT was defined as reproduction of arm symptom altered by structural differentiation.

•  A single positive ULNT did not alter post-test probability for cervical radiculopathy.

•  ≥3 positive UNLT rules in cervical radiculopathy with strong LR+ and a high posttest probability change.

•  All negative ULNT rules out cervical radiculopathy.

Abstract
Background
Upper limb neurodynamic tests (ULNT) are used to diagnose neuropathic conditions such as cervical radiculopathy (CR). Within the literature, a positive ULNT is defined in markedly variable ways, which is likely why the diagnostic accuracy of these tests lacks consistency across studies.

Objectives
To determine the diagnostic accuracy of single and combined upper limb neurodynamic tests ((ULNT)1,2a, 2b and 3) for cervical radiculopathy using test findings that are similar to those used in practice.

Design
Diagnostic accuracy study (prospective) design following the updated STARD 2015 reporting guideline.

Method
From 109 consecutively enrolled individuals with suspected CR. Of the 85 participants included, 27 (31.7%) were diagnosed with CR (mean age, 43.9years; Neck Disability Index 38,16%). ULNTs test were performed by a blind examiner to a CR reference standard of clinical diagnosis and magnetic resonance imaging verification provided by a neurosurgeon.

Results
In general, the single tests were better at ruling in CR versus ruling out. Of the single ULNT, the ULNT3 demonstrated the strongest post-test probability change with a positive finding (73.28%). Three of four test combinations demonstrated the highest clinical utility for changing the post-test probability with a positive finding at 83.29% and with LR+ = 12.89 (95%CI: 3.10–53.62). Having none of the test’s positive was able to rule out CR with LR- = 0.08 (95%CI: 0.01–0.56).

Conclusion
ULNTs fail to significantly alter post-test probability when used singularly for diagnosis of CR. However, combinations of ULNT (3 out of 4 positive) can rule in CR, and rule out CR when all ULNT are negative.

Journal Reference

Median Nerve Test 1 – https://youtu.be/zME3ilLPda8

Median Nerve Test 2 – https://youtu.be/BxWpLAXHD5Q

Radial Nerve Test – https://youtu.be/kODPvHYNvlU

Ulnar Nerve Test – https://youtu.be/BCfWimhcvhY